Table 3 Factor scores per statement
No | Statements | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perpetrator-related factors | |||||
 1 | Perpetrator’s age | − 3 | 0* | − 4 | 0* |
 2 | Perpetrator’s gender | − 2 |  + 2** | − 2 | − 1** |
 3 | Perpetrator’s educational level | − 1 |  + 4* |  + 2* | 0 |
 4 | Perpetrator’s social status | − 3 |  + 3** | − 1 | − 2 |
 5 | Perpetrator’s personality traits | − 1** |  + 1 |  + 1 |  + 4** |
 6 | Perpetrator under influence of alcohol and/or drug | − 1** |  + 2 |  + 2 |  + 3 |
 7 | Perpetrator’s mental state | − 1** |  + 2* |  + 4 |  + 3 |
 8 | Perpetrator’s lack of medical knowledge |  + 1 |  + 3 |  + 1 |  + 2 |
 9 | High out-of-pocket expenses | − 2* |  + 1 | 0 | − 2* |
 10 | Patient’s severity of the disease state |  + 2 |  + 1 | 0 |  + 1 |
 11 | Actual or perceived non-improvement or deterioration of the patient’s condition including patient death or irreversible damage |  + 4** |  + 1 |  + 1 |  + 1 |
 12 | Perpetrator’s expectations are not met |  + 3# |  + 2# |  + 2# |  + 2# |
Physician-related factors | |||||
 13 | Physician’s gender | − 4*# | − 3# | − 3# | − 3# |
 14 | Physician’s inexperience | 0 | 0 | − 1 | − 1 |
 15 | Physician’s personality traits | − 2 | − 4** | − 2 | − 1* |
 16 | Physician’s poor medical skills | 0 | − 1 | − 2 | 0 |
 17 | Physician’s heavy workload | 0* | − 1 | − 2 | − 2 |
 18 | Medical error by physician |  + 1 | 0 | − 1 | 0 |
Interaction-related factors | |||||
 19 | Perpetrator’s distrust of physicians |  + 3 |  + 1 |  + 3 |  + 2 |
 20 | Perpetrators’ dissatisfaction with physicians’ attitude |  + 2 | 0 | 0 |  + 2 |
 21 | Poor physician–perpetrator communication |  + 2 | 0 |  + 1 |  + 1 |
 22 | Physicians’ poor skills in coping with patient aggression and violence | − 1 | − 2 | 0* | − 1 |
 23 | Denial of perpetrator’s requests |  + 1 | − 2* |  + 1 | 0 |
Factors related to organizational context | |||||
 24 | Long waiting time | 0 | − 2* | 0 |  + 1 |
 25 | Overcrowding |  + 1 | − 3 | − 1 |  + 1 |
 26 | Lack of resources (e.g., equipment, free beds, and medication) |  + 2 | − 2* | 0 | 0 |
 27 | Insufficient staff |  + 1 | − 1 | − 1 | − 2 |
 28 | Lack of security | 0 | − 1 |  + 2** | − 1 |
External factors | |||||
 29 | Lack of policies and laws to protect physicians from aggression and violence | 0* | − 1* |  + 3** | − 3* |
 30 | Characteristics of hospitals, e.g., hospital level, hospital type (public or private), or hospital location | − 2* | 0* | − 3 | − 4 |