Table 4 Comparisons of challenge–hindrance stress scores between different groups of participants (N = 324), February 1 to April 30, 2022, China

24 (7.41)

2.424 ± 1.008

1.250

0.212

2.100 ± 0.877

0.546

0.585

300 (92.59)

2.181 ± 0.909

2.007 ± 0.780

111 (34.26)

2.167 ± 0.882

0.439

0.645

1.971 ± 0.739

2.546

0.080

139 (42.90)

2.177 ± 0.953

1.950 ± 0.806

74 (22.84)

2.286 ± 0.908

2.197 ± 0.877

142 (43.83)

2.138 ± 0.877

0.542

0.582

1.945 ± 0.777

0.925

0.398

115 (35.49)

2.248 ± 0.939

2.061 ± 0.834

67 (20.68)

2.241 ± 0.967

2.078 ± 0.812

146 (45.06)

2.223 ± 0.911

0.427

0.670

1.999 ± 0.824

−0.302

0.763

178 (54.94)

2.179 ± 0.924

2.026 ± 0.791

142 (43.83)

2.216 ± 0.905

1.697

0.185

1.987 ± 0.755

3.111

0.046*

74 (22.84)

2.036 ± 0.936

1.859 ± 0.814

108 (33.33)

2.287 ± 0.914

2.154 ± 0.845

132 (40.74)

2.302 ± 0.939

1.684

0.093

2.089 ± 0.840

1.408

0.160

192 (59.26)

2.128 ± 0.897

1.962 ± 0.777

116 (35.80)

2.296 ± 0.957

1.430

0.154

2.129 ± 0.872

1.942

0.053

208 (64.20)

2.144 ± 0.892

1.949 ± 0.759

280 (86.42)

2.091 ± 0.855

−5.563

0.000**

1.921 ± 0.769

−5.424

0.000**

44 (13.58)

2.883 ± 1.010

2.600 ± 0.789

190 (58.64)

2.154 ± 0.934

−1.053

0.293

1.992 ± 0.829

−0.585

0.559

134 (41.36)

2.262 ± 0.893

2.045 ± 0.771

56 (17.28)

2.321 ± 0.969

1.103

0.271

2.136 ± 0.832

1.250

0.212

268 (82.72)

2.173 ± 0.906

1.988 ± 0.798