Table 3 Extension: heterogeneous effects by practice size (subsample of “non-switchers”)

Share of women within specialty

−0.434

0.283

1.282

−0.155

0.091

−0.065

−1.189^*

−0.798

−0.767

(1.073)

(1.600)

(3.052)

(1.020)

(0.710)

(0.760)

(0.679)

(0.576)

(0.649)

[−2.598,1.730]

[−2.943,3.509]

[−4.872,7.436]

[−2.211,1.902]

[−1.342,1.524]

[−1.598,1.468]

[−2.558,0.180]

[−1.959,0.364]

[−2.076,0.542]

1(women) x (Share of women within specialty)

3.061^***

3.789^***

2.263^***

2.358^***

2.822^***

1.942^***

0.961^***

1.013^***

0.783^***

(0.539)

(0.663)

(0.548)

(0.321)

(0.378)

(0.183)

(0.217)

(0.284)

(0.188)

[1.973,4.148]

[2.452,5.127]

[1.158,3.368]

[1.711,3.004]

[2.060,3.583]

[1.573,2.311]

[0.522,1.399]

[0.440,1.586]

[0.404,1.162]

Share of women within practice

0.056^*

0.007

−0.013

0.032^***

0.016^**

0.019

0.013

−0.003

−0.019

(0.029)

(0.012)

(0.041)

(0.012)

(0.006)

(0.014)

(0.018)

(0.005)

(0.015)

[−0.002,0.115]

[−0.018,0.032]

[−0.097,0.070]

[0.008,0.056]

[0.004,0.027]

[−0.009,0.047]

[−0.023,0.049]

[−0.014,0.008]

[−0.049,0.011]

1(women) x (Share of women within practice)

−0.012

0.018

0.058

−0.005

−0.000

−0.013

−0.019

0.014^**

0.029

(0.058)

(0.012)

(0.088)

(0.012)

(0.010)

(0.021)

(0.029)

(0.006)

(0.020)

[−0.129,0.106]

[−0.007,0.042]

[−0.120,0.237]

[−0.029,0.019]

[−0.020,0.019]

[−0.055,0.029]

[−0.077,0.039]

[0.001,0.027]

[−0.012,0.070]

Average patient risk score

0.053

0.005

−0.012

0.032

−0.045

−0.036*

0.063**

0.070***

0.060*

(0.075)

(0.042)

(0.066)

(0.020)

(0.028)

(0.018)

(0.030)

(0.026)

(0.030)

[−0.097,0.204]

[−0.080,0.089]

[−0.145,0.121]

[−0.008,0.072]

[−0.102,0.012]

[−0.073,0.000]

[0.003,0.123]

[0.018,0.123]

[−0.000,0.119]

Average patient age

0.034***

0.043***

0.041***

0.022***

0.023***

0.031***

0.011***

0.016***

0.009**

(0.003)

(0.007)

(0.005)

(0.004)

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.004)

[0.029,0.040]

[0.030,0.056]

[0.030,0.051]

[0.014,0.031]

[0.018,0.028]

[0.026,0.037]

[0.004,0.017]

[0.005,0.026]

[0.001,0.017]

Constant

7.632^***

7.271^***

7.182^***

3.551^***

3.895^***

3.271^***

4.384^***

3.950^***

4.114^***

(0.471)

(0.661)

(0.826)

(0.412)

(0.313)

(0.320)

(0.299)

(0.429)

(0.373)

[6.682,8.581]

[5.938,8.604]

[5.515,8.849]

[2.721,4.381]

[3.264,4.526]

[2.626,3.917]

[3.780,4.988]

[3.084,4.816]

[3.361,4.867]

Year FE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Physician FE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Observations

265,869

726,237

1,361,016

265,869

726,237

1,361,016

265,869

726,237

1,361,016

R²

0.883

0.883

0.887

0.900

0.911

0.914

0.919

0.912

0.944