Fig. 1

Binned scatter plot of gender composition in specialty and Medicare income. Note: Binned scatter plot by the authors using 2012–2020 CMS Physician Utilization and Payment Data. Observations in the main sample are ordered by the share of women among doctors in the specialty. They are then grouped into 50 bins, each consisting of 2 percent of the sample and represented by a dot/square in the plot. The vertical coordinate of the dot/square marks the average log annual Medicare payments for physicians in that bin. Medicare payments include only those for Part B FFS services rendered by a physician, excluding those for laboratory work, tests and imaging, vaccination, and similar services that are not necessarily provided by a physician. All payments have been converted to real 2020 dollars before taking logs