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Table 3 Direct and indirect effects of cognitive reappraisal and positive affect in the intervention

From: Feasibility and effectiveness of the mindfulness-based stress reduction programs on relieving burnout of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot randomized controlled trial in China

Variable

Path

β

SE

p

95%CI

Model 1

 Mindfulness → Emotional exhaustion

c (total effect)

− 0.48

0.08

 < .0.001

(− 0.63, − 0.33)

 Mindfulness → Emotional exhaustion

c' (direct effect)

− 0.45

0.08

 <0.001

(− 0.62, − 0.30)

 Mindfulness → Cognitive reappraisal

a

0.17

0.05

 <0.001

(0.09, 0.27)

 Cognitive reappraisal → Emotional exhaustion

b

− 0.12

0.16

0.453

(− 0.43, 0.19)

 Mindfulness → Cognitive reappraisal → Emotional exhaustion

a*b (indirect effect)

− 0.02

0.04

− 

(− 0.13, 0.05)

Model 2

 Mindfulness → Emotional exhaustion

c (total effect)

− 0.48

0.08

 <0.001

(− 0.63, − 0.33)

 Mindfulness → Emotional exhaustion

c' (direct effect)

− 0.43

0.08

 <0.001

(− 0.58, − 0.27)

 Mindfulness → Positive affect

a

0.23

0.05

 < 0.001

(0.12, 0.33)

 Positive affect → Emotional exhaustion

b

− 0.23

0.14

0.090

(− 0.51, 0.04)

 Mindfulness → Positive affect → Emotional exhaustion

a*b (indirect effect)

− 0.05

0.05

− 

(− 0.17, 0.03)

Model 3

 Mindfulness → Personal accomplishment

c (total effect)

0.38

0.07

 <0 .001

(0.23, 0.52)

 Mindfulness → Personal accomplishment

c' (direct effect)

0.27

0.07

 <0.001

(0.12, 0.41)

 Mindfulness → Cognitive reappraisal

a

0.18

0.05

 <0.001

(0.09, 0.27)

 Cognitive reappraisal → Personal accomplishment

b

0.63

0.14

 <0.001

(0.34, 0.92)

 Mindfulness → Cognitive reappraisal → Personal accomplishment

a*b (indirect effect)

0.13

0.05

− 

(0.03, 0.23)

Model 4

 Mindfulness → Personal accomplishment

c (total effect)

0.38

0.07

 < 0.001

(0.23, 0.52)

 Mindfulness → Personal accomplishment

c' (direct effect)

0.25

0.07

 <0.001

(0.11, 0.40)

 Mindfulness → Positive affect

a

0.23

0.05

 <0.001

(0.12, 0.33)

 Positive affect → Personal accomplishment

b

0.54

0.13

 <0.001

(0.29, 0.79)

 Mindfulness → Positive affect → Personal accomplishment

a*b (indirect effect)

0.14

0.06

− 

(0.03, 0.25)