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Table 1 Means, standard deviations, bivariate correlations, and reliability and validity indices for the key variables

From: Promotion or prevention: regulatory foci as moderators in the job demands–resources model

Variables

M

SD

Cronbach’s α

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Study 1

 1 Psychological safety

5.220

1.159

0.696

(0.466)

         

 2 POS

5.376

1.111

0.902

0.085

(0.567)

        

 3 Workload a

2.412

0.918

0.635

− 0.547

− 0.176

–

       

 4 Emotional demand a

2.689

1.075

0.617

− 0.464

− 0.237

0.592

–

      

 5 Interpersonal stress a

2.369

1.079

0.679

− 0.294

− 0.186

0.336

0.637

–

     

 6 Job burnout

2.904

0.843

0.920

− 0.455

− 0.209

0.576

0.765

0.699

(0.444)

    

 7 Affective commitment

5.747

1.166

0.920

0.445

0.103

− 0.517

− 0.524

− 0.410

− 0.628

(0.793)

   

 8 Job satisfaction

3.901

0.670

0.970

0.624

0.176

− 0.826

− 0.578

− 0.421

− 0.679

0.612

(0.631)

  

 9 Promotion focus

3.932

0.611

0.916

0.565

0.101

− 0.631

− 0.422

− 0.339

− 0.518

0.443

0.739

(0.554)

 

 10 Prevention focus

3.430

0.802

0.862

0.058

− 0.043

− 0.115

0.114

0.114

0.172

− 0.208

0.098

0.367

(0.542)

 Square root of AVE

–

–

–

0.682

0.752

–

–

–

0.666

0.890

0.794

0.744

0.735

Study 2

 1 Servant leadership

3.826

0.867

0.843

(0.443)

         

 2 POS

4.741

0.828

0.838

− 0.018

(0.436)

        

 3 Workload

3.237

0.757

0.704

− 0.139

0.016

(0.486)

       

 4 Emotional demand

2.449

0.691

0.775

− 0.134

0.021

0.348

(0.387)

      

 5 Interpersonal stress

1.164

0.384

0.860

− 0.369

− 0.122

0.290

0.244

(0.638)

     

 6 Job burnout

3.001

0.765

0.906

− 0.395

0.022

0.262

0.508

0.308

(0.650)

    

 7 Affective commitment

5.250

1.216

0.909

0.423

− 0.002

− 0.152

− 0.257

− 0.162

− 0.584

(0.769)

   

 8 Job satisfaction

3.980

0.787

0.870

0.494

− 0.011

− 0.230

− 0.380

− 0.299

− 0.673

0.711

(0.708)

  

 9 Promotion focus

3.735

0.544

0.844

0.430

− 0.029

− 0.034

− 0.147

-0.155

− 0.463

0.468

0.502

(0.387)

 

 10 Prevention focus

3.152

0.674

0.799

− 0.074

0.007

0.180

0.264

0.131

0.332

− 0.110

− 0.209

0.146

(0.340)

 Square root of AVE

–

–

–

0.666

0.660

0.697

0.622

0.799

0.806

0.877

0.841

0.622

0.583

  1. N Study 1 = 267; and N Study 2 = 350. Values on the diagonal represent the AVE. Correlations with absolute values ≥ 0.131 were significant at p < 0.05. a Cronbach’s α for workload, emotional demand, and interpersonal stress were the bivariate correlation between corresponding measurement items
  2. AVE  average variance extracted; M   mean; SD  standard deviation; POS  perceived organizational support
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Human Resources for Health

ISSN: 1478-4491