Table 2 Performance of Kim’s public service motivation scale

Attraction to public participation

Q1

I admire people who initiate or are involved in activities to aid my community

4.71 (0.55)

4.68 (0.49)

0.8754

Q2

It is important to contribute to activities that tackle social problems

4.73 (0.47)

Q3

Meaningful public service is very important to me

4.65 (0.66)

Q4

It is important for me to contribute to the common good

4.64 (0.61)

Commitment to public values

Q5

I think equal opportunities for citizens are very important

4.77 (0.46)

4.75 (0.41)

0.7601

Q6

It is important that citizens can rely on the continuous provision of public services

4.69 (0.61)

Q7

It is fundamental that the interests of future generations are taken into account when developing public policies

4.78 (0.49)

Q8

To act ethically is essential for public servants

4.78 (0.55)

Compassion

Q9

I feel sympathetic to the plight of the underprivileged

4.64 (0.70)

4.67 (0.47)

0.7745

Q10

I empathise with other people who face difficulties

4.68 (0.57)

Q11

I get very upset when I see other people being treated unfairly

4.67 (0.61)

Q12

Considering the welfare of others is very important

4.72 (0.52)

Self-sacrifice

Q13

I am prepared to make sacrifices for the good of society

4.22 (0.91)

3.88 (0.87)

0.8365

Q14

I believe in putting civic duty before self

3.94 (1.08)

Q15

I am willing to risk personal loss to help society

3.32 (1.27)

Q16

I would agree to a good plan to make a better life for the poor, even if it costs me money

4.04 (0.95)

Overall

4.50 (0.43)

0.8780