Table 1 Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria of the articles selected to identify the challenges faced by MHCWs in their transition to a new healthcare environment

Studies published in peer-reviewed journals

Commentaries, conference abstracts, dissertations, or theses

Cross-sectional surveys only

Qualitative studies, interviews, or reviews

Studies published after 2000

Studies examining support systems, interventions, or programs designed to aid the adaptation of migrant healthcare workers

Studies conducted in HICs that focus on migrant healthcare workers coming from LMIC countries

Studies concerning cross-border collaboration where foreign healthcare workers return home after a specified work period in another country

Studies published in English or with an English translation available

Studies primarily focused on refugees or asylum seekers working in the healthcare industry

Individuals who are not MHCWs