Table 2 Eligibility criteria for screening of reviewed studies

Inclusion criteria

1. Papers conducted using study designs such as randomised controlled trials, cohort/longitudinal studies, cross-sectional surveys, qualitative designs, mixed-method designs, case–control designs, etc.

2. Papers that sampled in-service healthcare professionals for the eLearning programme

3. Papers that assessed the effectiveness and the barriers associated with the use of eLearning among healthcare professionals

4. Papers that compared eLearning and traditional training or no training among healthcare professionals

5. Grey literature (dissertation or thesis)

6. Papers published in the English language

7. All appraised studies

Exclusion criteria

1. Papers that did not report on variables of interest

2. Reviews, letters to editors, conference papers, preprint, opinions, manuscripts, abstracts, and pre-proofs

3. Papers conducted using pre-service or student healthcare professionals

4. Studies conducted in any other language apart from the English language